Cliff Robertson

A mentally retarded man becomes a genius after experimental brain surgery, developing a romance with his former special-education teacher before lapsing back into retardation.

In Cairo during World War II, a German agent tries to infiltrate the British command to lay the groundwork for Erwin Rommel's conquest of Egypt.

Property fundamentally marks how we as individuals are related both to other individuals and to society at large. In its strongest form, property absolutely excludes others from possessing, using, or in any way controlling what we own. However, others have insisted that basic human necessity (e.g. hunger) may overrule the power of individual property. The English philosopher John Locke offered a theory of property against which all others have since...

Punishment is a harm or deprivation, imposed by a legitimate authority, based on a legitimate conviction of wrongdoing. In assessing guilt, considerations of intention, action and results are all relevant. Any understanding of punishment depends heavily on our interpretation of both authority and responsibility. Paternalism is one set of beliefs about who should have authority; it obviously has been applied within the family, and it has a highly...

Individual rights morally protect a person against oppression by the powerful (such as the democratic majority, the government, or other holders of power). Civil rights are group-oriented; they are legal rights if government recognizes and enforces them. However, civil rights also are rooted in moral rights (i.e. “human rights”) to such things as equal protection of the laws. Social contract theories say that individuals have natural rights,...

Love and sex provide two of the primary motives of human life; the need for intimate human contact and to propagate our species. Sex is a powerful, sometimes irrational urge or instinct, but as rational creatures our human understandings and expectations of love transcend mere sexuality. Our cultural tradition says that love ideally finds its fullest expression in marriage, it says that sex properly presupposes marriage, and that the goal or purpose...

There are three major traditions in thinking about the ethics of war: Realism sees war as the suspension of all ethical rules and norms; to a realist, war is non-moral (“war is hell”). Pacifism sees war as an immoral, gross violation of ethics. Pacifists believe that on should follow evil with kindness. Just war theory seeks to identify the right reasons for going to war (jus ad bellum) and right conduct in war (jus in bello). Nuclear, chemical,...

A family is a social institution, a network of intimate relationships, a psychological shelter from a chaotic world—and much more. Family relationships invoke special expectations and commitments, often involving loyalty in a way that conflicts with the impartial and universal nature of most ethical obligations. The family also is a focal point for broader ethical problems, such as obligations related to healthcare, raising children, caring for...

For much of history, philosophers and religious thinkers have believed there are absolute differences between humans and all other living things. Usually, only humans have been thought capable and deserving of moral standing (either as moral agents, who are capable of acting morally, or as moral patients, who are owed moral duties). But this view is now forcefully challenged, with many disputes or debates about the tenets that underlie in. Animal...

"Wealthy entrepreneur Bruce Wayne and his ward Dick Grayson lead a double life: they are actually the crime-fighting duo Batman and Robin. A secret Batpole in the Wayne mansion leads to the Batcave, where Police Commissioner Gordon summons the Dynamic Duo on the Batphone with the latest emergency threatening Gotham City. Racing to the scene of the crime in the jet-powered Batmobile, Batman and Robin must (with the help of their trusty utility-belts)...